\section{Controller Experiment} \label{controllerExperiment}
For this project, two experiments were conducted. The first looks at how the controller vibrations work in a neutral context, while the second looks at vibrations in the game that was developed during the project. This chapter solely deals with the controller experiment. The game experiment will be discussed in Chapter \ref{GameTest}.

\subsection{The Controller Setup} \label{controllerSetup}
The purpose of the controller experiment was to test the five different vibration patterns across the criteria mentioned in Section \ref{VibrationCrit}. These patterns are:

\begin{itemize}
\item Static Intensity
\item Varying Intensity
\item Right-left
\item Morse Code
\item Interval
\end{itemize}

A test session consisted of four participants, each with their own Xbox 360 controller. Figure \ref{fig:controllerTest} illustrates the setup. In total, 32 test participants took part in the experiment.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.60\textwidth]{Pictures/Design/ControllerTest}
\caption{Four people sat beside each other, each with their own controller.}
\label{fig:controllerTest}
\end{figure}

For each of the five vibration patterns, four variations were made (except for the \textit{right-left} pattern, which only had two). Each of the variations corresponded to one of the buttons on the controller (A, B, X, Y). As mentioned in Section \ref{Theory}, there is a relationship between the time it takes to react and the number of choices at one's disposal. To isolate the influence of this, it was chosen to let the number of button options be a blocking factor. A block design makes it possible to hold certain factors constant, i.e.\ factors that are not of primary interest \citep{blockDesign}. In this case, the number of buttons are held constant (A, B, X, Y). Even in the \textit{right-left} pattern, it was chosen to use two buttons for each of the sides (see Figure \ref{fig:leftRightPattern}).

During the experiment, the participants were introduced to each of the patterns, one at a time. Their task was to recognize a specific variation by pressing the correct button. To help the participants understand this concept, they were shown pieces of papers describing what buttons to press. Figure \ref{fig:patterns_papers} illustrates this. For instance, if they felt a vibration of static intensity 60\%, they should press the X button on their controller. The participants always knew what pattern they were supposed to be "listening" for; only the variations were random.

% old - showing 4 pictures
%\begin{figure}[!htb]
%\minipage{0.25\textwidth}%
 % \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Pictures/Design/Static_Intensity_Rumble_checker}
 % \caption{Static intensity.}\label{fig:staticPattern}
%\endminipage
%\minipage{0.25\textwidth}%
  %\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Pictures/Design/Varying_Intensity_Rumble_checker}
 % \caption{Varying intensity.}\label{fig:varyingPattern}
%\endminipage
%\minipage{0.25\textwidth}
  %\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Pictures/Design/Morse_Rumble_checker}
 % \caption{Morse code.}\label{fig:morseCodePattern}
%\endminipage\hfill
%\minipage{0.25\textwidth}
 % \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Pictures/Design/Interval_Rumble_checker}
 % \caption{Interval.}\label{fig:intervalPattern}
%\endminipage\hfill
%\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.80\textwidth]{Pictures/Design/patterns_papers}
\caption{Before the experiment, the participants were introduced to the patterns and their variations. Four buttons on the controller were mapped to the four variations.}
\label{fig:patterns_papers}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.60\textwidth]{Pictures/Design/Left-Right_Rumble_checker}
\caption{The \textit{right-left} pattern. Note that two buttons can be used for each variation.}
\label{fig:leftRightPattern}
\end{figure}

Before the experiment began, the participants had a chance to try out the five patterns and their four variations to get a common reference point. Each combination was repeated twice, to make sure that everybody understood the vibrations.

For each of the five patterns (\textit{static intensity}, \textit{varying intensity}, \textit{right-left}, \textit{morse code}, \textit{interval}), the participants were shown 10 instances of the four variations (A, B, X, Y) with the reference papers, and 10 instances without the reference papers. This was done to test whether the five different vibration patterns were recognizable with and without a reference paper. The variations were chosen randomly. It was performed as a \textit{double-blind test} to eliminate bias both from the test participant and the test facilitator \citep{statisticsBook}. Each time a test participant pressed a button, data was logged to a text file. This included reaction time and whether or not the button press was correct.

Afterwards, the participants answered a short questionnaire (see Appendix B). In the next section, the data from the log and the questionnaire will be discussed and analyzed.